Empire Belt RR Operations Part 5 / Working with Empty Boxcars

Greetings All,

Empire Belt RR Operations Part 5

Welcome to another installment of the Empire Belt RR's ongoing look at model railroad operations. Today we'll focus on putting the I.P.D. and Railbox cars from the previous posts into the model railroad operations alongside the class one RR freight cars under AAR rules.

"Boxcar, Erie Lackawanna" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

Adding Complexity to Model Railroad Operations

With a basic understanding of the AAR freight car rules of the time you are modeling a modeler can easily add some complexity to model railroad freight operations if so inclined.

Eliminating the industry commandeering freight cars can be the first step. You can make this a no go for your operations. Freight cars made empty on the layout get pulled from layout industries, interchanges or staging yards and get moved to your freight yard or interchange track for inspection by the car inspectors and assignment by your freight agent to empty car requests if any .

"Boxcar, ATSF" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

You've just added some additional prototypical freight car moves without the cost of adding more freight cars. Using some type of car movement control (I'm using car cards & waybills) that allows for an industry to request empties for loading will require your model railroad freight agent or yard master to review empty car requests and select the proper cars to fulfill the empty car requests.

"Boxcar, Canadian Pacific" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

Flexibility, Simplicity and Complexity Working Together

I know I don't want to model a bunch of 1:87 scale clerks in a freight office but I want to try and add the challenges of more prototypical freight car operations up to a point. As a solo operator with the time to run an ongoing op session where a single day could last a week or more I have the option of adding as much or a little complexity to an op session as I want.

"Family Lines System Boxcar #60776" by SeeMidTN.com (aka Brent) is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/?ref=openverse.

What Gets Loaded and What Goes Away Empty?

Revenue is the name of the game in 1:1 scale operations and I'm experimenting in making this a priority in my 1:87 scale operations. Choosing the right freight car for the right load going in the right direction does present some challenges which I am finding enjoyable.

The Freight Yard Is Not A Destination 

This is a quote from the late Andy Sperandeo that can serve as a guide for model railroad freight operations. The exemption is your home road empties returning to the yard to be readied for their next movement. 

"Boxcar, Penn Central" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

Foreign road cars sitting in your freight yard are costing you money. IPD and Railbox cars are costing you even more money. Holding foreign road IPD and Railbox freight cars for potential loading costs money. At some point in your operations empty foreign road, IPD and Railbox cars could be moved towards the interchange where they were received under load as per prototype practice.

"Ontario Northland boxcar" by kumar303 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/?ref=openverse.

As your railroad serves its customers empty cars will be returning via locals, interchanges and symbol trains.

"CSX Freight Train at Inman Yard Atlanta, GA" by nshivar is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse.

Getting Empty Freight Cars For The

Empire Belt and Long Island RRs?

Ah! The EBRR, a switching district RR with limited rolling stock, and the LIRR with no revenue freight car rolling stock are dependent on the 1:1 railroad that connects them to the national rail network. AAR rules do allow for the movement of freight cars in the opposite direction of the owning road for loading if the freight cars travels towards, to or over the owning roads tracks. 

"Illinois Central Gulf Boxcar" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

Example

The Empire Belt RR freight agent has received a request for an empty 50' boxcar from Superior Furniture in Empire City for a load of furniture heading to Toledo, Ohio. With no suitable empty in North Side Yard the EBRR agent contacts his counterpart at Terminal Yard for an empty car to fulfill the request. The Terminal Yard agent has six empty fifty foot boxcars currently sitting in the yard.

Railbox #33377. Is one choice as this is a free runner but with a higher per diem and mileage charge than railroad owned freight cars under AAR rules. 

"Boxcar, Railbox" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

ATSF 152350. This car is not suitable to fulfill the empty car request from Superior Furniture. The large XF designation indicates this car has a specially treated interior and is to be used for "Food Loading Only''.

"Boxcar, ATSF" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

ITC #8080. Another empty car choice for the Superior Furniture load going to Toledo, Ohio.  The 8080 would be moving towards its home rails. 

"Boxcar, Illinois Terminal" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

SOO #18939. Another choice for the Superior Furniture load going to Toledo, Ohio. The 18939 would also be heading in the direction of its home rails.

"Boxcar, SOO" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

VTR #4040. Is suitable for the load. This is an I.P.D. boxcar that has a higher per diem rate than the boxcars under AAR  rules and the Railbox boxcars and is also a "free runner".

"Boxcar, Vermont Ry" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

BM#79084. A good looking newly painted car that could be used if necessary however the load going to Toledo, Ohio is not heading towards the B&M home rails. 

"Boxcar, Boston & Maine" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

Which Car Would You Have Loaded?

Which of the above six cars would you pick for the furniture load from Superior Furniture in Empire City going to Toledo, Ohio?

Here is how I ranked cars for suitability 

SOO #18939. First choice because the plug door would keep the load cleaner than a sliding door. This car travels under standard per diem rates and is heading towards home rails.

ITC #8080. Second choice. Car is suitable for load and travels under standard per diem rates towards home rails.

Railbox #33377. Third choice. Car is suitable for load, per diem rate is higher than the SOO and ITC boxcars and car is considered a "fee runner".

VTR #4040. Fourth choice. Car is suitable for load. It has the highest per diem rate and is considered a free runner.

BM #79084. Fifth choice. Car is suitable for load, but is under AAR travel rules and would be traveling away from home rails. This would ne my car of last resort. Remember when a freight agent needs a boxcar he needs a boxcar.

ATSF #15230. Eliminated from consideration for this load due to special loading XF designation.

Next Move

The SOO Line boxcar would be placed in train EC-1 that is the daily transfer run from Terminal Yard to North Side Yard. The other five boxcars could be used for other loadings or sent empty off layout in the next train to Selkirk or a staging yard.

The EBRR will deliver the car to Superior Furniture and then pick it up after it's loaded. The loaded SOO Line boxcar would then be sent back to Terminal Yard in EBRR Train EB-2 for movement towards Selkirk and Toledo, Ohio. 

Final Thoughts and Comments

Implementing empty car requests into an op session can be as simple as looking at an industry in need of boxcars and choosing an empty for the load(s) without regard for the direction or per diem.

This may not be for everyone as layout operations can be complicated enough without adding additional prototypical practices. 

On the plus side it costs zero to give it a try and who knows it might be another enjoyable endeavor in you ops sessions.

Per Diem Sample

Union Pacific Per Diem Rates for EMP and UMAX Containers.

Thanks for reading!!!

See you soon!!! 

 

Empire Belt Railroad Operations Part 4 / Railbox

 Greetings All,

Empire Belt Railroad Operations Part 4

 

Welcome to another installment in this ongoing model railroad operations series. Today we'll take a look at Railbox boxcars and ways to add these "free runners" into the day to day operations on the layout.

Railbox 

The Nationwide Boxcar Pool

"Next Load Any Road"

Railbox Company (reporting marks ABOX, FBOX, RBOX, TBOX), founded in 1974, is a North American boxcar pooling company, was a subsidiary of the Chicago based TTX Company. It was created by eleven solvent class one railroads that included the ATSF, BN, Chessie, MoPac, NW, RF&P, SLSF, SR, SP and UP to address a boxcar shortage in the United States in the 1970s. Railbox placed orders for 10,000 50-ft boxcars with the first car delivered on October 15, 1974. 

"Boxcar, Railbox" by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D. is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/?ref=openverse.

The concept behind Railbox, as evidenced by the slogan, "Next Load, Any Road" was, because Railbox was jointly owned as a privately owned cooperative. These boxcars were not subject to load/empty rules and could be assigned for service on any railroad in Canada, Mexico and the United States on lines where an AAR Plate-C loading gauge is permitted.

Railbox purchased boxcars from many manufacturers, including American Car and Foundry Company, FMC Corporation, and Pullman-Standard (P-S).

The Railbox cars were free runners like their parent company Trailer Train cars. They started to appear in 1974 with about 25,000 in service by 1981. 

As new cars they earned a higher per diem of about $9.87 plus a mileage charge which was not to the level of IPD cars which earned a per diem of about $22.00 plus 4.7 cents per mile because they were not owned by a specific railroad and had no home rails.

Three Card Monty Anyone?

To maximize the operations potential of these free running next load any road boxcars I developed three movement slips for this sample Railbox boxcar.

Blue Waybill: Car comes on layout loaded from Astoria, Oregon originating on the SP&S loaded with plywood for Neal's Lumber & Hardware in Empire City.

Index Card: Car has been made empty on layout or off layout on LIRR rails and is to head back to the ATSF at Streator, IL. The cars have no specific owner but the ATSF is one of the group of owners so they are used to move the car off layout. 

White Waybill: Standard waybill to control car movements.

Two Waybill Options

Blue Waybill: Car is empty and is held for local loading.

White Waybill: Standard waybill to control car movements.

Putting The Waybills Into Play

Car Movement #1 RBOX 34685 has arrived in Terminal Yard with a load of plywood from Astoria Plywood in Astoria, Oregon that originated on the SP&S RR. The load is consigned to Neal's Lumber & Hardware in Empire City which is served by the Empire Belt RR.

Car Movement #2: RBOX 34685 is placed into train EC-1 for movement to Empire City and interchange with the Empire Belt RR.

Car Movement #3: RBOX 34685 heads to Northside Yard in Train EC-1 to be interchanged with the Empire Belt RR.

Car Movement #4: The EBRR delivers the loaded car to Neal's Lumber & Hardware. 

Car Movement #5: RBOX 34685 has been made empty and is pulled from Neal's Lumber & Hardware by the EBRR.

Car Movement #6: RBOX 34685 is delivered to North Side Yard.  The Empire Belt RR freight agent is not in need of the RBOX 34685 so the car will be delivered to Terminal Yard.

Car Movement #7: RBOX 34685 has been delivered to Terminal Yard by the EBRR for movement off layout towards the ATSF. The Terminal Yard freight agent however puts a hold on it for local loading.

RBOX 34685 will be used to fulfill an empty car request from University Millwork in nearby Bedford, NY.

Car Movement #8: RBOX 34685 has been delivered to University Millwork and is now loaded with millwork for Direct Sash in Cambridge, Mass via the B&M.

Car Movement #9: RBOX 34685 is pulled from University Millwork and moved to Terminal Yard.

Car Movement #10: RBOX 34685 is placed in an outbound train for movement off layout to the B&M.

Car Movement #11: RBOX 34685 heads off layout towards Cambridge, Mass.

Other Options for RBOX 34685

The blue empty car request from University Millwork and the prepared waybills hold other movement options for RBOX 34685. Modelers using Railbox cars in model railroad operations have the options of using these cars for their next load to any road just like the Railbox slogan says.

Managing Railbox and I.P.D. Freight Cars

Freight agents, yard masters, clerks or whoever controls the empty freight car requests on your layout can have the added realism to send the correct freight cars to your online shippers that maximize your railroads profits. The decision on which cars go where to be loaded and which cars leave empty can make managing your freight yards a little more challenging and realistic.

Final Thoughts and Comments

Management of empties is a prototypical railroad operation. In the era I'm focusing on here the car service rules had many railroad owned empties moving in all directions towards their home rails. Foreign road cars earn per diem when on your rails. Railbox cars earn a higher per diem rate and the I.P.D. cars earn even more.  

Railbox Lives On

Trackside observers know that Railbox cars still ply the rails in great numbers and this program that started in 1974 is still going strong fifty years later in 2024. Here is my most modern Railbox freight car. Unfortunately the 1:1 version has been vandalized with graffiti like so many other freight cars.

Additional information and links

Railbox a short history

TTX Our History

Thanks for reading!!!

See you soon!!

   

Empire Belt RR Operations Part 3 / Running Colorful Free Runners

Greetings All,

Empire Belt RR Operations Part 3

Running Colorful Free Runners

Welcome to part 3 of this ongoing operations series that seeks to introduce and enhance more prototypical freight car handling to my layout. 

Today we'll explore ways to maximize the use of the colorful Incentive Per Diem boxcars, which came into service in the mid to late 1970s The IPD cars were considered free runners during their time in IPD service and were not bound by the AAR rules for movements.

Basic Definition of Incentive Per Diem Boxcars

The IPD program put in place by the Interstate Commerce Commission incentivized new freight car production to overcome a perceived boxcar shortage. The per diem rate at this time for a standard boxcar was about $12.00. The new cars built as part of this program had an incentive rate of about $10.00 on top of the standard rate and a 4.7 cents per mile rate. 

TPW 50568 is one such colorful I.P.D. boxcar on the roster that was painted and lettered by the Patti-O Paint Shop. 

I.P.D. Boom

The IPD program allowed finance companies to purchase large numbers of cars and lease them to short lines that had little to no money for capital expenditures, little track miles, little to no rolling stock nor online customers. By 1978 more than 15,000 IPD boxcars were in revenue service and about 40,000 by 1981. Mississippi Export RR, a 43 mile short line, leased 200 IPD cars from Itel Rail.

This worked well for awhile as leasing companies and owners using freight brokers had the IPD cars loaded about 75% of the time when the economy was good and car loadings were plentiful. Compare this with the RR boxcars under AAR rules which were loaded only about 10% of the time which was one of the reasons for the perceived boxcar shortages.  

To Bust

A nationwide recession in the early 1980s dramatically reduced freight car loadings and the Class 1 RRs were soon able to handle the car loadings with their own fleets. IPD boxcars were sent back to their short lines that had to scramble for track space to store the glut of IPD boxcars coming back. With no loads and now unable to make payments some short lines and leasing companies went bankrupt.

Some Of The I.P.D. Boxcars In The Fleet

AP 60394 is another IPD boxcar painted by the Patti O Paint Shop. The 60394 is leased from SSI Rail as noted by the lettering under the ACI label and the trust information in the upper left corner.

Port Huron & Detroit, PHD 1008, is a factory painted model that indicates it is leased from SSI Rail. The PHD was a nineteen mile short line that had maybe thirty leased boxcars in its fleet. It was a rarity in that it that served online customers, survived the recession and later became a property of the Chessie System. The ex PHD trackage is still in use today by CSX.

Galveston Wharves is another colorful IPD car on the roster. The RR is headquartered in Galveston, Texas and was a 32 mile terminal switching railroad owned by the City of Galveston.

Utilizing Incentive Per Diem Freight Cars

While the class one RRs did not like this program the IPD cars having agents or brokers soliciting car loads enjoyed a 75% load to empty ratio and seemed to solve the perceived boxcar shortage.

If using IPD boxcars in model railroad operations remember that they are considered free runners and can be loaded for destinations in any direction. Attractive for those not paying the higher rates!!!

Using I.P.D. Boxcars in model railroad operations

TPW 71026 is leased by ITEL to the Toledo, Peoria & Western. This car was part of a ten car TP&W paint project with Sir Neal's Atlantic Pacific RR for use in the Penn Central Car Movements Virtual Ops. 

Car Movement #1: The TPW 70126 has arrived on the layout at Terminal Yard loaded with canned vegetables from CC Lange Co. in Black Creek, Wisconsin. The car will be interchanged with the Empire Belt RR at Empire City for movement to Ralph's Grocery Warehouse. The green stripe on the car card indicates the car is in PCCM virtual ops service. Todays car movements are non PCCM moves.

Car Movement #2: TPW 70126 is moved from Terminal Yard to North Side Yard for the interchange with the Empire Belt RR.

Car Movement #3: The EBRR delivers TPW 70126 to Ralph's Grocery Warehouse. After being unloaded at Ralph's Grocery Warehouse and made empty there are several options for the 70126. One option is to send it back to the TP&W empty. Expediting the movement of this high per diem charges freight car off the EBRR property makes good financial sense.

Car Movement #4: The empty TP&W 70126 is pulled from Ralph's Grocery Warehouse and moved to North Side Yard. However before the car leaves the yard the EBRR freight agent with no suitable home road or non IPD boxcars available needs it to fulfill an empty car request from local shipper Red Wing Milling. This will make ITEL and TP&W happy. Remember also that ITEL had their own agents soliciting loads.

Car Movement #5: The 70126 gets spotted at Red Wing Milling to be loaded with bagged flour for Stop & Shop Grocery Stores in Boston Mass. Wait Toledo, Ohio is in the opposite direction of Boston Mass! True, but the IPD cars are not bound by the AAR rules that would have it going back towards Ohio.

Car Movement #6: The Empire Belt pulls the loaded 70126 from Red Wing Milling and moves it North Side Yard.

Car Movement #7: The EBRR delivers TPW 70126 to Terminal Yard for interchange with the Penn Central /Conrail.

Car Movement #8: TPW 70126 is placed in an outbound train for movement off layout to Boston, Mass.

Car Movement #9: TPW 70126 is on the move off layout to Boston, Mass. See you next time!!!

Apalachicola Northern 5517

AN 5517 is one of 800 IPD cars leased from ITEL Rail. The AN was a 96 mile short line. It was lensed at North Side Yard in Empire City. 

Simple and easy four cycle waybill 

car movements for this IPD Car

Car Movement #1: AN boxcar 5517 arrives in Terminal Yard with a load of packaging materials for Walsh Steel Wool Products in Empire City, NY.

Car Movement #2: AN 5517 is pulled from the inbound train and placed into the freight consist of Train EC-1.

Car Movement #3: Train EC-1 takes the AN 5517 from Terminal Yard to North Side Yard in Empire City for interchange with the Empire Belt RR.

Car Movement #4: The AN 5517 is being moved towards Walsh Steel Wool Products with a load from St Joe Paper in Port St Joe, Florida.

Car Movement #5: The EBRR pulls the AN 5517 that has been loaded with steel wool products by Walsh Steel Wool Products and moves it to North Side Yard.

Car Movement #6: AN 5517, loaded with steel wool for American Hardware Supply in Bedford Park, NY, gets delivered to Terminal Yard in EBRR Train EB-2 for interchange with the Penn Central / Conrail.

Car Movement #7: AN 5517 is placed into local train BP-41 that will take it to Bedford Park Yard.

Car Movement #8: Train BP-41 departs Terminal Yard and hauls AN 5517 to Bedford Park Yard.

Car Movement #9: AN 5517 is delivered to American Hardware Supply with its load of Steel Wool from Walsh Steel Wool Products.

Car Movement #10: AN 5517 is made empty at American Hardware Supply and then loaded with bulk hardware for Reliable Machine Company in Empire City, NY. The Bedford Park Yard Job pulls the car and delivers it to Bedford Park Yard.

Car Movement #11: Train BT-27 takes the AN 5517 from Bedford Park Yard to Terminal Yard.

Car Movement #12: AN 5517 is placed into the freight consist of Train EC-1 for delivery to North Side Yard in Empire City, NY.

Car Movement #13: AN 5517 is moved from Terminal Yard to North Side Yard in Train EC-1 for interchange with the Empire Belt RR.

Car Movement #14: The EBRR then delivers AN 5517 to Reliable Machine Company.

As luck would have it Reliable Machine Company has cutting machines that need to be shipped to Port St Joe Paper just when the AN 5517 was made empty at their siding. Imagine that!! The EBRR will pick up the loaded IPD car and move it to North Side Yard.

Car Movement #15: AN 5517 has been pulled from Reliable Machine Company and brought to North Side Yard to await movement to Terminal Yard.

Car Movement #16: EBRR Train EB-2 takes the AN 5517 from North Side Yard to Terminal Yard.

Car Movement #17: AN 5517 has been delivered to Terminal Yard and is being placed in an outbound train that will take it off layout to Port St. Joe, Florida.

Car Movement #18: AN 5517 departs Terminal Yard for movement off layout towards Florida.

Additional Thoughts and Comments

The above are only two examples of the many options available when Incentive Per Diem boxcars show up on your layout. As documented above the TPW 70126 provided nine moves to cross the layout and head off layout. The AN 5517 provided eighteen moves to complete its four cycle waybill. The IPD cars are not a bad bang for our modeling bucks!

Coming Soon

In the next installment we'll continue to examine ways to add more prototypical model railroad operations with a focus on Railbox freight cars that appeared in the early to mid seventies.

Prototype Sources and Links

Classic Train Magazine Spring 2024. Article by Jeff Wilson starting on page 28 is an excellent review of the IPD craze of the 1970s. Full of photos and prototype information it is highly recommended.

The IPD Boxcar Story video

Prototype Photos 

Apalachicola Northern IPD boxcar 5517 at Columbus, Ohio in 1983.

Galveston Wharves IPD boxcar 1179 at Galveston, Texas in 1979.

Galveston Wharves IPD boxcar 1200 at Barberton, Ohio in 1983.

Mississippi Export RR IPD boxcar 873 at Mexicali, Mexico in 1979.

Port Huron & Detroit IPD boxcar 1029 at Port Huron in 1988.

TPW IPD boxcar 70126 at North Little Rock, Arkansas. Undated.

Thanks for reading!!!!

See you soon!!!